DNA testing represents a foundational technology in modern genomics , enabling the precise identification of genetic variation, biological relationships, disease predispositions, and evolutionary ancestry. With analytical accuracy frequently exceeding 99.9%, DNA-based methodologies are now central to clinical medicine, forensic science, biotechnology, population genetics, and personalized healthcare, profoundly reshaping biomedical research and global health strategies. At its core, DNA testing involves the extraction, amplification, sequencing, and computational analysis of genetic material to identify nucleotide variations, chromosomal alterations, and epigenetic markers. Advances in molecular biology, next-generation sequencing , bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence have significantly improved the speed, accuracy, and scalability of genomic analysis, making DNA testing a fundamental tool in scientific research and clinical medicine. The rapid evolution of genomic tec...