Recent advances in microfluidics , biomedical engineering, and cellular biology have enabled the development of organs-on-chip platforms. These microengineered systems integrate living human cells within controlled microenvironments, where nutrients, oxygen, and biochemical signals circulate through microchannels. By replicating key aspects of tissue physiology, these devices allow researchers to study cellular behavior and biological responses in conditions that closely mimic the human body. Organ-chip technologies represent the convergence of several scientific disciplines, including tissue engineering , molecular genetics, and bioengineering. Within these systems, human cells are organized into microstructures connected by fluidic networks that simulate circulation and intercellular communication. These environments allow scientists to investigate how molecular signals regulate physiological processes such as cellular differentiation, metabolic balance, and tissue regeneratio...